When the Milo pattern was first published in 2009, my wee boy modelling it was just six months old and my daughter was four. I envisaged it very much as a baby and toddler garment and never really foresaw that knitters would want to knit it for older children. But they did. Over the years I've received numerous requests for larger sizes. Last year, I graded those larger sizes, had them tech-edited and had a number of knitters carry out a preview knit of those sizes. They've sat there since then but today will be added to the pattern finally.

There's been one design element that's played on my mind since the preview knit and had me wondering how to resolve it. Here's the thing, the overall aesthetic as a result of the cable is quite different in the smaller sizes and the larger sizes. On the smaller sizes, the cable appears chunky comparative to the size of the vest. However, the width of that cable doesn't translate to chunky looking when you view it on, say, a 28 inch chest size. It becomes a slim look, giving the milo a very different aesthetic. I admit I haven't been quite sure how to deal with this.

Do I add to the pattern wider cables to cater for those larger sizes? And if i start adding extra width cables for the larger sizes, do I then need to add  in-between width cables to cater for the middle sizes too?  Where does it stop? Different width cables would require some additional pattern writing and instructions, as adding different widths will affect the final sizing of the vest. This would make the pattern lengthier, possibly create confusion and would require a layout re-formatting. Lengthier patterns are also more expensive for my wholesale printer to deal with.

Or do I recognise and acknowledge that the look you want for a vest on a ten year old is quite different from what you want with a baby garment? That a slimmer look cable may be more fitting for the more grown up version?

I'm not sure there's a simple or one correct solution as different knitters will obviously have different preferences. That's been one of the beauties of the Milo pattern, that it gives knitters the palette to adapt and create to suit them. 

My final solution, and it is in no way a perfect one, is to leave the cable width in the pattern as it is. I've written a short tutorial about using a wider cable stitch and some adjustments you should consider if you are doing so. The tutorial also includes a couple of suggestions for wider cables you may wish to try out with those larger sizes.

Milo, in the new format with sizing to fit chest size of 15 to 32 inches /38 to 81.5 cms, ( or ages approximately newborn to youth size 16*) is now available on Ravelry here and Loveknitting here.

* for best fit, please choose size based on actual chest measurement NOT age. 

Long time, no blog. A whole year in fact. yikes.

It's a fresh new year, however, and with a fresh new year comes a renewed effort to blog. While I was writing my newsletter today, I struggled with words. I struggled to find the flow of language. For me, someone who has grown up writing, who loves to write; this was a really disconcerting experience.  It was like trying to swim after a month out of the pool; your stroke is off, you can't find your rhythm and it feels laborious. It's no longer enjoyable. When we don't swim we loose the rhythm because we're out of practise, but for some reason I just assume that with writing the words will always come easily. They don't and it kills me. And I haven't been writing, I don't blog or journal or even write regular newsletters. Occasionally, I'll smash out a longer email or letter, often about a local issue that's angered me; but I've gotten out of the habit of being a writer. I didn't mean to stop writing. I guess it's because so much of my writing has become online and restricted to this space. With the instant gratification and pretty staged images of Instagram seemingly taking over from blogs, I think it's destroyed my urge to write. It just happened without me even realising it.   And that kills me. 

There's a whole heap of stuff in the craft industry that I would really like to write about and this year I really would like to use this space to do more of that. Finally, we're seeing important issues being touched on over at Instagram. The shiny veneer is being removed as knitters are beginning to once again critique the realities of our industry. How did it get to this? How did we move so far away from the initial hand-made revolution that sort to reject over-consumption and mass-consumerism to one that really is just another form of fast fashion and consumer manipulation driven by affluence? But that is a topic for another day and another blog post. ​(In no ways is that intended to diminish from the current discussion about white privilege and racism in the IG-Ravelry western based knitting community.)

Let's instead talk about this, my first pattern for the year. The last few years my pattern releases have been pretty thin on the ground. I've been involved with a  few big community projects, my mother passed away and I sort of lost my way. I forgot what it was that I enjoyed about designing, and for awhile even what I enjoyed about knitting. I forgot the pure pleasure that I get from grading the 13 or more sizes I use in a kid's sweater. I know  that much maths honestly doesn't sound like a whole lot of fun, but when it all comes together - and I don't use a automated spreadsheet - it's really kind of buzzy. What I used to love about designing was the experimentation; experimenting with structure, technique, style and problem solving. You all know how I feel about underarms after all? 

I lost my way, I lost my love for knitting and I felt quite disillusioned about the direction the knitting community was heading. I'm not sure if I'll ever really find my way again, or if I ever truly will get past my disillusionment.  I sit uncomfortably within this crafting space. 

But here's the pattern and it's a pattern born out of love. It's a pattern I love and enjoyed designing. It began it's life as an intended Christmas jumper for Toby. A completely seasonally-inappropriate knit given that here in Australia, Christmas Day is typically a scorcher. Why just watch the pleasure of other knitters and their Christmas sweaters from a far, when I can knit my own despite the ridiculous timing of it? 

Vicariously (link to Ravelry pattern page)

Construction: 
Vicariously is a seamless circular yoke sweater knit from the top down. The yoke is initially shaped with short rows before melding into a stitch pattern that sees the colour alter gradually. This is created through simple colourwork that is addictive and flies off the needles. After knitting the yoke, the garment is divided to knit the sleeves and body.
Instructions for the yoke are both written and charted.

​Sizing: 
To fit actual chest measurement of: 
19-25: 19/48 (20/51, 21/53.5, 22/56) 23/58.5, 24/61, 25/63.5 
26-32: 26/66 (27/68.5, 28/71, 30/76) 31/79 , 32/81.5inches/cms.
Finished garment chest measurement: 
19-25: 22/56 (23/58.5, 24/61, 25/63.5) 26/66, 27/68.5, 28/71 
26-32: 29/73.5 (30/76, 31/79, 33/84) 34/86.5, 35/89

Skill Level: 
Intermediate

Techniques used: 
knit and purl 
Increasing and decreasing 
Alternative Tubular cast-on 
Working in the round on circular needles 
Working small circumferences in the round 
Working from charts 
Picking up stitches 
German Short Rows 
Stranded colourwork

​Yardage: 
DK/8ply weight yarn in two colours: 
Main Colour: 
19-25: 360/330 (400/365, 445/405, 485/445) 525/480, 565/515, 600/550 
26-32: 635/580 (670/615, 700/640, 725/665) 750/685, 785/720 
Contrast Colour: 
19-25: 65/60 (80/70, 90/80, 100/90) 115/105, 135/120, 150/135 
26-32: 165/150 (180/165, 200/180, 225/205) 250/225, 265/240 
yards/metres approximately
Original yarn is a worsted spun DK/8ply weight 4ply low micron Polwarth.
Yardage is approximate and may vary depending on your knitting style and yarn selection.

Sample shown in Tarndie Origins Ciderhouse Red as the Main Colour and Tarndie Undyed Taupe as the Contrast Colour.

At the start of every new year I write up my goals for the year, breaking them down into different categories and writing an action plan (generally just a couple of steps) for how I aim to achieve these goals.  Invariably, somewhere in that list is the goal 'Blog more'. Like most goals, I start the year with good intentions but it hasn't lasted. I don't blog more. Im not quite sure why it doesn't happen. I enjoy writing, I love to share ideas and techniques and I often bemoan that the limited interface of platforms like Instagram and Facebook doesn't allow for in-depth learning or real discussion. But yet, I still don't blog, and as I'm writing this I'm trying to figure out why that is. Is it because blogs no longer have the same engagement rate they once did? Is it that I feel like I'm possibly just talking to myself? Or is it that the whole "busyness" and demand of the other social media leaves little time or room for blogging? Perhaps it's that in writing out my action plan for my goals I don't really think through how I'm going to achieve this one, beyond "just do it". 

I'm not sure if I've shared my approach to staying on top of all the different weekly tasks of a small business. I have a timetable, much like a high school student does. It seems incredibly anal, particularly for someone like me who doesn't follow time and lacks organisational skills, but it's what I know from my previous existence as a teacher. It's my one-known sure fire way for keeping on top of things. If I know that on Wednesday afternoons at 1:30 onwards I'll be either writing a newsletter or a blog post, it makes it easier to keep on track. I don't tend to procrastinate about what I should be doing, or get distracted by shiny projects.  I'll fully admit that I'm not always fantastic at sticking to my timetable, I do "wag" and sometimes do my own thing or the kids' activities dictate otherwise. This year, however, with that big fat Wednesday 1:30 Blogging or Newsletter boldly inked on my timetable will hopefully see some writing action. 

Beyond the setting myself a clearly defined time to actually write, a goal like "2-3 blog posts per month" really doesn't cut it or lay any foundations for success. So what to write about? What is it that I want to share or write about? What is it that I have to share that would be worth reading?  What is it in this industry that I feel passionate about? If you follow me on Instagram or have read previous posts, you'll know that I'm passionate about Australian local yarn and supporting our local producers. You'll know I'm passionate about natural fibres. You'll know that I love a good knitting short cut because at heart I'm a lazy knitter. You may even know that I like a nifty technique. And right there I have it, a direction for what I'm going to write about - not just the two words "blog more" but something to actually blog about; Aussie yarns and producers, stuff about different fibres, tricky tips and techniques. And that my friend, I think is a good start.

But it's just a start, and I do need to refine it down a bit more to specifics because "Aussie yarns and producers" as a blog topic is pretty wide and honestly looks like a topic for inviting procrastination. So hit me with your best shots readers, what would you like to read about? What yarns/producers do you want to know more about? Do you want yarn reviews? What aspect of our industry intrigues you? Is there a technique you'd like to see me explain a bit more about? What do you think we should be having a discussion about? Hit me with it!

Georgie xx

Do you know what the best type of friends a yarnie nerd can have?

Friends that let you join them in a spinning mill when they're creating a yarn!  

When my good friend Briony from byBriony told me she had some top that she wanted to get spun into yarn at a local mill I begged her to let me tag along; after all, this is the stuff I geek out over. I gave her my best puppy dog face and luckily, she didn't take a lot of convincing and a couple of weeks ago we found ourselves stepping into the daily life of Nick and Isabel Renters from Great Ocean Road Woollen Mill.

Nick and Isabel run a Western Victorian based bespoke mini-mill. In terms of sustainability and creating yarn with a small footprint, they are incredibly well placed. The mill runs off solar power, they farm their own alpacas and are within coo-ee of a couple of excellent wool producers. Additionally, they're about 160kms from a couple of the four remaining scourers in Australia. In a country as big and as sparsely populated as Australia, that's super-dooper practically next door neighbours.  
​
Briony brought with her 7kg of top; 2kg of Corriedale/silk and 5kg of Moorit Corriedale/Suri. The plan was to create a yarn that isn't readily available on the Australian market; following that age-old advice about looking for the gap in the market and filling it. Australia is a country built on its use of merino 8ply. Knitters in Australia absolutely suck this shiz up like nobody's business, so a deliberate decision to not produce an 8ply was made - instead we looked at yarn weights we like to knit with but aren't readily produced here. The answer is pretty obvious; a 5ply/sport weight (almost the perfect weight for the Australian climate) and a gutsy worsted weight more like an Aran than a 10ply. 

After a cup of tea for the more civilised and coffee for the sleep deprived, it was yarn making time. Nick and Isabel have a philosophy that if you're spinning yarn they like you to be in the mill, it's not compulsory but their belief is that it helps you understand the process and how your fibre behaves - because as any mill operator will tell you not all fibres behave the same way. This doesn't mean standing around watching Nick work his magic, it means getting in there and helping out on the machinery.

Our first aim was to turn the Corriedale/silk into a 5ply/sport weight yarn with a 3ply structure. As Briony's fibre had already been scourer and processed into tops at Cashmere Connections, we could skip a few steps in the mini-mill process. We did need to re-card our tops though, as we needed a smaller diameter for the machinery than the top was in.

Briony and I set to work on the carder, separating the fibre and feeding it through in exact lots to create a roving the correct thickness for the Draw Frame. (It's quite interesting how in a mini-mill the equipment is slightly different and performs its function just a little bit differently from a big commercial mill)  The actual weight of the yarn being fed through on each section in  the carder can be varied to create different weight yarn, more weight in each section makes for a heavier weight yarn - which makes perfect sense really.  The carder's job is to separate and align the fibre so you get a continuous length of roving coming out of the roving deck. It will also remove dust and any other vegetable matter or contamination left in after scouring. 

Once we had a number of cans of roving, these were fed through the Draw Frame. The Draw Frame further aligns rovings to create a continuous roving that is consistent in size over its entire length.

When we generally talk about semi-worsted production, it's generally taken to mean that yarn has undergone  woollen processing and is then spun on a worsted frame. In a mini- mill however, even though it's classified as creating a semi-worsted product, the function that the Draw Frame performs isn't really one that exists in woollen processing where after carding, the web of fibre is divided into thin roving or slubbing.  

​The Draw Frame drafts the roving by drawing out the fibre to create a sliver. It also performs a function called doubling which basically means two or more lengths of roving are fed through the machine and they come out the other end as one length.  Drafting and Doubling are processes that occur in what is generally referred to as the Gilling stage of worsted processing. Some mini-mills use a Pin Drafter at this stage, they seem to perform the same function but I'm yet to understand how it is that they really differ. 

Unfortunately, I seem to have been distracted at this stage of the process every time and didn't take a photo of the Draw Frame  in action.
​

What I found amazing at this stage, was how much maths goes into spinning. A whole lotta maths. Nick explained the sums and calculations he makes at each stage to determine yarn weight and optimal processing. Briony and I did fairly good impressions of dithering fools as these explanations flew over our heads.
​Disclaimer: neither of us are dithering fools, we both use a good deal of maths in areas of the industry but you know what they say about the unfamiliar.  
​

Nick hit us with some more quick calculations before feeding the sliver through the spinning machine. He fiddled with dials and made a few adjustments to help create our ideal yarn.  We learnt how to thread? (load) the sliver into the spinner and sat back and watched the magic happen. This is the stage where we both started to do little excited jumpy dances as the fibre was beginning to resemble yarn. Watching the machine in action, you can clearly see how the fibre is drawn out (drafted) in the top section and then twist is applied to it as it forms a yarn balloon. Yarn balloons are all sorts of awesome.
​

The process all seems to run fairly smoothly, but as Nick said as soon as you set the machines to run and try to do something else you can guarantee something will go wrong. And sure enough, as soon as we sat down for lunch the spinner decided to throw a couple of minor hissy fits. 

After the spinner, the single plies are fed through the twister, which as the name suggests twists the required number of plies into one continuous strand of yarn as we know it. 
After an initial uber-small run, we were able to get out our needles and knit up our sample yarns, discuss any changes we felt needed to be made and go through the process again. Once we were happy with the sample, that's when we hit go for all the fibre to be processed into yarn. 

While at this stage we do have yarn, it's not where the process ends. The yarn is then wound off the bobbin/spool onto a cone. If it's not being sent to a dye house, it also goes through a steaming process. Much like steaming helps in blocking, steam helps to relax and set the yarn's fibres into place after it has been pulled and stretched and processed. After being given a chance to relax, it's then skeined and ready for the knitter or crocheter to enjoy.

Yarn making in a mini-mill is not a quick task and there are so many other factors that come into play. The weather; humidity and wind can cause chaos with static electricity making the carding process pretty much impossible on some afternoons. Different fibres will behave differently on the machines, and in such a small mill the option to control this behaviour a bit more and create truly bespoke yarns is a fabulous asset, but like any good quality bespoke product made with thought and consideration, it is one that does take time. 

Our yarns: 
A 5ply/sport weight Corriedale/Silk merino with a 3ply structure.

The Moorit Corriedale/Suri Aran weight with a 3ply structure.

We started out with a 50/50 blend but in the carding we lost a bit of the Suri (remember how I mentioned different fibres behave differently), the end product was more a 60/40 blend.

Here they are together. <3
​If you're interested in using some of Great Ocean Road Woollen Mill's yarn, you can purchase them from their website here.

And coincidentally, I've just released a pattern using one of Great Ocean Road Woollen Mill's yarns; Loch Ard which is a glorious blend of their own alpaca and Tarndie's Polwarth. I used the colourway Riverstone.

Cutting Edge is a semi-circular shawl with a simple eyelet pattern throughout that makes for meditative knitting. Cutting Edge is finished with a garter stitch knitted-on edging providing the knitter with an engaging and interesting way to finish the shawl. The snuggliness factor of this shawl is sure to make it an instant favourite as it sits comfortable over shoulders, laps or even sleeping babes.

This pattern also features a simple and effective technique for working garter tabs that you'll wish you knew eons ago!

Available for purchase on Ravelry.

Today I thought I would write about the story of Australian yarn in the 21st century. It's a story I've been wanting to write about for a while because it's a really good story; a story of really good people and good wool and good community. Unfortunately, it's a story that we don't often hear. The doomsayers seem to have a louder voice; and unfortunately their voice, which seems to project straight from the 1990s, is full of misinformation.

 Much of the stories of doom and gloom that plague the yarn industry hark back to last century. They are the stories of the last generation of the wool industry and yarn producers but yet it's a story that some sectors of the community seem intently keen to hold onto.

Here's the reality.

Yes, the Australian wool industry did crash and burn - badly. The yarn sector makes up a surprisingly small part of the wool industry as a whole, something I think knitters forget sometimes. Our best wool goes to make suits and clothing, not yarn.  As much as knitters and crocheters don't like to hear it, the wool industry does not rely on knitting or crafts to keep it afloat. The percentage of the wool clip that ends up making yarn is pretty tiny actually. The "million dollar" bales or the 11 micron merino that brings in the big bucks is not going to end up as knitting yarn.  Historically, about 90% of the Australian wool clip has been exported. 

I'm going to distinguish here between the wool industry and the yarn industry, because they are two very different beasts. And the response of each industry to the decline has been quite different. In fact, what caused the initial decline is quite different for each sector. 

There were a number of factors that contributed to the yarn industry decline.  Firstly, the Australian government began reducing the tariff protection in the footwear, clothing and textile industries in the 1970s, which opened the way for cheap imports to increasingly flood the Australian market. Now we all  know that this affected all sectors of manufacturing. Prior to the removal of the tariffs, many larger towns in Australia had mills - it's important to remember not all of these mills made yarn for the hand knitter, again this was a small proportion of the mills - many made fabrics, carpets, and yarns specifically for the manufacturing sector. It was this government decision that decimated our yarn production, resulting in the closure of at least 50 mills in the 1970s, 80s and 90s.

Most Australians know that the wool industry in Australia collapsed in the 1990s leaving a huge stockpile of bales, 4.7 million to be precise. This was a result of government intervention in the wool price which led to an oversupply or stockpile that became unsustainable, and the eventual collapse of the reserve price scheme for wool in February 1991. Some say the wool industry has never recovered, since 1991 it has shrunk by 66 per cent.  This was the incident that decimated the wool industry. There is no doubt about it, this was a crap time for Australian wool farmers - and it is in this period of time that the stories of farmers burying their clip comes from. It would be hard to draw a direct link between the stockpile of wool and the downturn of the yarn industry.  Whilst both came about as a result of less demand for wool, too much wool certainly didn't cause the downturn in the yarn industry. 

It was the tariff reductions coupled with the changing directions worldwide of trends, that put our yarn industry into serious damage control.  In the 1980s people began to turn their back on handicrafts viewing them as old fashioned; a bit daggy. Pattern and yarn sales slumped and many local yarn stores closed. You could also for the first time, buy a machine-knitted jumper for cheaper than you could knit one. 

It was the 1990s that really saw the use of synthetic fibres in manufacturing take off, it was also an era where fashion became a bit daggy (don't you love the irony in this) as we embraced tracksuits and sweatshirts (windcheaters), often made from brushed synthetics, as everyday wear. 

Fast forward to the new century and the dawning of the internet changes everything. Along comes the "Handmade Revolution" and a new resurgence and interest in handicrafts is born. Knitting is very much at the forefront of this.

So what's happened in the Australian yarn industry since the start of the century and the dawning of the revolution? 

The Australian yarn industry today is made up of two distinct sectors; the commercial and the independent. The commercial sector is dominated by Australian Country Spinners (Patons, Cleckheaton, Panda, Shepherd) and Bendigo Woollen Mills (also Heirloom). For big companies like these, the bottom dollar is revenue so increasingly their processing has been moved offshore to China where it is cheaper.  Neither mill scour in Australia. Australian Country Spinners do minimal, if any, spinning in their Wangaratta Mill. 

The independent sector is far more interesting, and I think far more reflective of where our yarn industry is headed. The internet has meant that many small scale yarn producers now have a much wider exposure and audience. There are a lot of great Australian yarn producers out there, but it seems there is a sector of the knitting community that fails to see them and instead perpetuates the stories of doom and gloom that belong to the last century. The reality is also, that up until quite recently when the issue of provenance became one of interest, most knitters weren't all that concerned with where their yarn came from and so were quite blissfully unaware of these producers' existence. 

Since the start of the century, thanks mainly to alpaca farming there has been a growth in mini-mills in Australia. There has also been quite a number of sheep farmers quietly going about their business and getting their wool turned into yarn, and feeding their steady but loyal band of followers.  These farmers are part of a growing group that realised the need for diversity within their industry, that are taking the road of adaption that is necessary for long-term survival that Tom Dennis of Tarndie talks about often. It is this adaption that saw Tom's parents, Wendy and Dave Dennis take on the breeding of coloured sheep and the production of both fleeces for spinners and yarn for knitters in the latter part of the twentieth century. 

When provenance became a buzz word in Australia, instead of seeking out these small-scale producers, many knitters were quick to bemoan that you couldn't get Australian-made yarn; there was no such thing as yarn produced entirely here in Australia. Mills like Wool 2 Yarn who have been operating on the Mornington Peninsula since 2005, will tell you this simply isn't the case. Nundle Woollen Mill who produce woollen-spun yarn that is processed entirely in Australia would agree. 

The fact is that you can purchase yarn that has been entirely made in Australia, and in all honesty, it's not that hard to find. Stroll the sheds at the Bendigo Wool Show and you'll find plenty.  

We have seen mill closures since the advent of the "Handmade Revolution", most notably the CSIRO scouring, spinning and dyeing plant in Geelong as a result of a government decision in around 2012, but many many more mills have opened which surely speak volumes for the direction of the yarn industry. Adagio Mills in Orange, Great Ocean Road Woollen Mill, Boston Fine Fibres and Paddock to Ply are just a few of the new players on the block making a big name for themselves in our industry. In March this year, the Goldfields Mohair Farm, a mill outside of Bendigo, began its journey back to production after being sold off a few years ago. 

These new players do bring a new enthusiasm to the industry. They have a natural inclination for creating community and working with local growers to create yarns and blends  to feed any knitter's desire for good yarn. And they are producing good yarns, very good yarns. 

What I do love about this industry in its time of resurgence and growth is the support and networking that is so evident; wool producers collaborating with mills, farmers turning to each other for support and advice in developing their own yarn lines, producers and mills engaging with the end users and designers, mills throwing open their doors and inviting the public in to learn about the process of creating yarn and have the opportunity to create their own yarns. Mill owners like Nick and Isabel from Great Ocean Road Woollen Mill speak openly about the struggle that goes into learning the ropes, they're not afraid to talk about the hard stuff - there are no secrets when you tour their mill. Similarly, yarn producers like White Gum Wool and Millpost Merino openly address the way they farm. Their innovative approaches to sheep farming are shining lights in an industry that still grapples with the mulesing question. Adagio Mill invited the community to help get them up and running through a crowd funding campaign, they shared every step of their journey from dream to reality with the public.  This is an industry of transparency, one that is open to fresh ideas and innovations in order to move forward and one that through it's very nature, is seeking to embrace sustainability. 

Currently, in Australia, Nundle Woollen Mill is the only yarn that is produced on a large-commercial scale entirely in Australia. That doesn't mean we don't have the capabilities and equipment to do so; we do. We just need the larger commercial arm of the yarn industry sector to become as forward thinking as the independent sector and offer commission spinning. This is the commonplace situation in New Zealand, where our independent producers such as Australian Organic Wool, Tarndie, White Gum Wool, Bellevue Wool and Millpost Merino, send their yarn for commercial-scale production. 

You know, even if that doesn't happen, it doesn't matter. Our New Zealand cousins at Design Spun are doing a fabulous job of spinning our favourite yarn brands. We are so lucky to have such a growing offering of such gorgeous Australian grown yarns standing alongside the uniquely Australian-spun boutique yarns. It's an exciting time to be in Australian yarn.

As for the wool industry, incidentally things are good there too. Earlier this year the wool price reached its highest weekly closing level since the collapse of the Reserve Price Scheme in February 1991.

As consumers, I think it's time to let go of the negative stories of the 80s and 90s industry collapse. These are not the stories of the current generation and the current resurgence. We need to stop letting them define our industry and instead engage with the forward thinking producers of today who have a far happier tale to tell.
 
If you'd like to check out some more Australian yarns, there's an extensive and growing list here.

This afternoon when I opened my emails there was a query about an issue that is probably quite familiar to many knitters, and because it is something so familiar I thought, "Ha, that's probably something I should share with blog readers or add to my list of Frequently Asked Questions."

The email read like this:

"Hi, I just finished my 2nd Gidday. It seems I always have a problem with the bottom laying flat and mine curls up between the stockinette and the garter rows. Do you have any suggestion besides making the garter section longer? It is fine on the sleeves, just does it around the bottom. I looked at other projects and no one else seems to have that problem."

The thing that really struck me about this email was the last sentence. I suspect sometimes we all think a little like this, that perhaps the answer is so obvious that we should already know it. Why does it seem other knitters don't have this problem? What have I missed? What am I doing that's so obviously wrong? How do they get that to sit so neatly?

I know I've felt like this at times when it comes to knitting; traditional short rows used to drive me completely batty as I could never get them to be invisible enough for my liking, particularly when knitting in the round and closing off the final short row. 
​

The thing with garter hem flip is it's not a problem that every knitter has. That doesn't mean that those that do have it are doing something wrong, it just means that as knitters we are all individual, and the little quirks and annoyances we each experience are going to be different for different knitters. 

The key to solving garter hem flip is knowing how you knit; knowing your own personal idiosyncrasies. And while that may seem pretty obvious, we probably all think we know how we knit but by being more conscious of the characteristics of our personal tension (yeah, I said it!) we can solve a lot of little niggles like garter stitch flip. 

Garter stitch flip occurs basically because the tension in the fabric has changed between the stocking stitch and the garter stitch. AND also because stocking stitch fabric has a natural tendency to curl. Garter stitch is a thicker fabric, but if the tension changes between the two fabrics it means also that either the garter stitch or the stocking stitch fabric is going to be wider; and in most cases it's the garter stitch fabric. Sometimes this will appear as a flare and sometimes it will be more pronounced and flip up. How extreme this is can also be dependent on the type of fibre and even the number of plies in and the weight of the yarn you are working with. Basically, that extra width beneath a fabric that wants to curl, is just pure encouragement.

Of course, this flipping issue is not just limited to garter stitch. You may find you experience a similar issue with ribbing or even seed or moss stitch. I generally don't have any issues with flipping garter stitch hems (except with lighter weight low plied yarns interestingly enough - ) but with seed stitch I do. Go figure.* 

So how do you fix it?

Sometimes the problem will resolve itself with wet blocking. I always recommend wet blocking any garment you have knit. Not only does it resolve small issues like this but it also evens out your knitting making it look much neater and more finished. You may want to pin the hemline flat while it's drying. 

Unfortunately, for some knitters this is a short term fix, as once the yarn relaxes the hem may flip again.

So what else can you do?

Well, it would seem that if the issues arises out of a difference in tension between the two fabrics, making the tension the same would be the best way to fix it, right?

THIS is where knowing your own knitting idiosyncrasies comes in; knowing how your tension changes between different stitches. 

Let's look at a pattern that has a tension of 22 stitches over 4inches in stocking stitch as an example. 

If we want the tension between the two fabrics to be the same, then our garter stitch needs to be the same tension.  

Some knitters DO achieve a similar tension in garter stitch as they do in stocking stitch; some - but not all. In fact, I'd warrant a guess and say the majority don't. And if you're experience hem flip, you're probably going to fall into that latter camp.

​And here's where the power of knowing your personal tension helps out, if you KNOW that you need to go down one, two or even three needles sizes to achieve that same tension in garter stitch, then you can automatically do it. You can just ignore the pattern instructions for the hem needle size and knit in the needle size that you know works for you.

Another approach is to decrease so that the fabric is the same width. Elizabeth Zimmermann typically has a 10% difference in her hem stitch count and her body stitch count, and as with anything EZ this is a pretty good guide. To achieve this, work (k8, k2tog) around the final stocking stitch row/round of the body. 

Note that this will not necessary fix the issue for your individual tension, you may need to alter the rate of your decrease. Again, this is why knowing how your knitting style varies gives you power. 

Ahh, it's still not working!

Sometimes, it's just simply that the garter hemline is not long enough to counter the natural curling tendency of the stocking stitch. Not enough length in a garter stitch hem is like trying to run wavy hair through a pair of feathers to straighten it. Again, the particular characteristics of the yarn you're using may even contribute to this.
​

So how do I get this knowledge and power?

Simple. And I'm going to use a dirty word here, but you need to swatch and experiment. 

When you knit that swatch before the garment, swatch in the edging and hemline stitch too, measure the tension there and adjust your needles accordingly. Once you've done this a few times, you will probably see a pattern developing and KNOW that you need to go down two needle sizes for the garter hem. Use that knowledge for future knits. 

I know, I know. There are some of you out there who just won't swatch no matter how much I wax lyrically about it, and how fun it can be to swatch for the sake of switching and how you learn so much about your own knitting style, blah, blah, blah. I get it. I really do. You just want to knit.

Then, you really have no option but to experiment away while you're knitting. Go down a needle size the next time you knit the hemline. Doesn't work? Rip and reknit two needle sizes smaller. It will be more time consuming than if you swatched to begin with, but you'll still get there and as you experiment you'll soon get an idea of what's going to work for you. 


* As for my seed stitch flipping, it's again because of fabric width and my individual knitting tension. I knit seed stitch looser than stocking or garter stitch. 

My looser seed stitch tension, along with the extra fabric created by swapping the yarn from back to front, means the piece is wider and is going to work with the natural curl of stocking stitch to flip up. Seed stitch doesn't have the elasticity created by ribbing, which naturally draws the fabric in and works against that curl. However, the same curl or flip may happen in ribbing if the hem is particularly short or the fibre in the yarn lacks elasticity.


P.S. If your problem is flipping button bands, you may want to read this post here . If you've knit more recent patterns of mine, you'll notice I've tweaked this technique slightly for mostly aesthetics. 

Late last year I received a really exciting wee package from the lovely Nan Bray of White Gum Wool. It was a sample of her soon-to-be released new yarn that she had concocted with Rebecca from Augustbird and there was so much about this yarn that excited me and ticked all the boxes. It was a 5ply/sport weight constructed with 3 plies and a blend of her beautiful merino and silk. I swatched my precious little ball of yarn and all stereotypes aside, honestly did squeal a little with pure delight. 

Since that precious parcel, Nan has released her 5ply Silk/Merino to the wild in two colours, Hawthorn and Natural. Rebecca, also has been busy hand-dyeing up this beautiful new yarn base and I was lucky enough to be sent some of the first skeins she dyed. Now these skeins were extra special because they were naturally dyed with tea.

Let's talk a little about this yarn -

Construction wise, this is a worsted spun yarn made up of three plies which gives it beautiful rounded shape. This means that stitches knit in this yarn are well defined and knit up uniformly. Nan's superfine merino coupled with silk makes this is a yarn that has beautiful drape but yet still retains its elasticity. The silk gives the yarn an almost pearlescent quality. 

Each skein has 286 metres (313 yards) per 100 grams, it is at the fuller end of the sport weight spectrum and can easily double as a very light dk weight. 

I knit this yarn on bamboo Chiaogoo needles, swatching with needles in the range of 3.5mm to 4.5mm. Each of the different fabrics was equally beautiful and useful for different applications. Cables and garter stitch were crisp and beautifully defined. Lace work on the larger size needles produced an incredible result, once blocked the lace draped beautifully and held its size and form exceptionally well.

This is an incredibly versatile yarn, and I really really love it!
​

Taking all the qualities of this yarn into account, I decided to make the most of them and play on both the drape of the yarn and the stitch definition and create a shawl.

This was a fun shawl to both design and knit, it really comes together in three different sections. Firstly, beginning with a provisional cast on, the bottom edge is knit lengthwise creating the lace and mock cable border. The lace is simple and intuitive and the pattern contains both charted and written instructions. With the border complete, a simple technique for picking up the edge stitch of garter stitch is used to quickly and efficiently pick up the stitches for the main body of the shawl. Short rows, my favourite type German short rows, are used to create an elongated crescent shaped shawl. Finally, the shawl is finished with a mock cable edge knit onto the top edge as the shawl is cast off.

This is a shawl to wrap around you as you sip tea, wander through the garden, immerse yourself in a gothic novel, or just enjoy the fading light of the day.

Oolong conjures up an atmosphere of timeless elegance with its beautiful lace and mock cable edgings captured in tea-dyed yarn.

IMPORTANT DETAILS

Recommended Yarn:
White Gum Wool 5ply Silk/Merino
Augustbird Egret

Tension:
14 stitches and 26 rows = 4 inches
in stocking stitch (blocked)
20 stitches and 32 rows (unblocked)

Sizing: 
One size. 
Finished blocked measurement of approximately 78¾ inches/200 cms from tip to tip and 18¼ inches/46 cms deep.

Skill Level: 
Intermediate to Experienced

Yardage: 
600 yards/550 metres
​

Pattern available on Ravelry and LoveKnitting

Since then I've also been on a little private knitters' retreat here in Australia with Briony at Tarndie - a weekend of laughter and good friends. What I admire about Briony is her excitement for what she does, she is driven by colour and she is a generous and gentle soul - she is always seeking to further her knowledge about the dyeing process and completely willing to share her knowledge. She embodies that nurturing community aspect of crafters that I just love.

​I asked Briony to share a bit about herself so you too can get to know her. Here's what she had to say.

In your journey as a craft practitioner, what led you down the path of hand-dyeing yarns? 
It all began, what seems like many moons ago when I was testing a pattern.  The final product was going to be gifted to my nephew as part of his birth gift. I approached my friend Jo from Meraki Studios to help me create some yarn. Jo was magnificent! She helped me choose colours and a process to dye the yarn. 
​
I was hooked! I knew then that I wanted to dye, but I also knew that I didn’t want to do it in a way that was already readily available.  I chose gradients as at the time there didn’t seem to be any dyer within New Zealand that was offering this style of dyed yarn.
​

What is your favourite yarn base to work with? What guides you when choosing yarn bases for Gradient?
My personal favourite base to dye with is White Gum Wool.  That the yarn is ethically grown in Tasmania and then processed in New Zealand really resonates with me.
​
I have tried to establish a large selection of yarns to offer the crafter a personalised choice with a wider variety of options.  Some people prefer superwash, some like cashmere or perhaps silk. Each yarn is suitable for different projects. I also like to stock a range of yarns to suit a range of price points, which is very important to me.
​

You’ve been experimenting with natural dyes for the past year or so. Can you tell us a little about this journey. What piqued your interest with regards to natural dyeing? What are some of the challenges, pitfalls, surprises and joys of natural dyeing for you?
My journey on natural dyeing has been relatively short but a slow, relaxed one so far.  I first started with Indigo, then moved on to other natural dyes.  I often lament that we don’t have a big enough yard to plant specific Eucalyptus trees! Maybe one day…

Each time I naturally dye I can never really be sure what I will produce.  There are so many factors that come into play, each presenting their own challenge. Each batch is its own unique and individual chemistry, reproducing a colour exactly again and again is something that I have not managed to succeed in.
​
My gradient brain had always been ticking over with the question: Can I produce a gradient that has been naturally dyed? Yes, it can be achieved! It does however take more thought and patience, but I feel a great sense of satisfaction when I do succeed.  Not all attempts are successful though! Behind every dyer there will always be a few failed attempts at something, but I see this as part of the craft.  Without failures there will be no learning and special one off projects.

Can you share with us a little bit about your dyeing space and how you approach dyeing as a business. Do you have set hours you work? 
My hours of work are currently dictated by when my children are at school.  Of course I need to be flexible around these times too.  Sometimes when I have a large workload I will work into the evening, or on a weekend.  This is still a rare occurrence as I try to keep family time as family time.
​
When my husband and I built our current house, I was very fortunate that I was able to extend the garage out to the side to accommodate a dyeing space.  My regret is I wish I made it larger! As I do most dye processing during the day, I get to benefit from the energy that is created by the solar panels that we have on our roof, making the most of the beautiful Australian sun!
​ 

Obviously your brand is synonymous with gradient yarns. This looks like a very time-consuming process. How long does it take you to dye a skein of gradient yarn? Has the time frame shortened with more experience or with more skeins in the pot?
Gradient styled yarns do take a lot of time to create.  My dyeing style has completely changed from when I started. Back then I used to handpaint each knitted blank, but I have found using a pot enables the colours to blend and flow over each other, creating the smooth, gradual blends that I favour.

Before I can dye a skein I have some prep work to do. Each skein is knit into a blank. I don’t handknit these! That would be a monster of a job! I use a knitting machine to help me.  The reason that I create knitted blanks is so I can control meters and meters of yarn, the last thing I want is a big tangle. Over time I have become very familiar and proficient with my knitting machine and tangles are a thing of the past.  
​
The timeframe has shortened with a greater focus around each step to ensure I maximize my creative energy.  Dyeing in colour batches is the best way, and with this process I can dye two Gradients at once.  I also need to keep track of different yarn bases as I dye, pegs and old business cards with labels on the back that I have laminated to help with this.
​

I love that you’ve chosen to share your gradient dyeing technique in classes and in an ebook you sell. Why is the sharing of knowledge like this important to you and your business?
Through a lot of trial, frustration, error and joy, I found a technique that works to consistently create gradients in an easy, no fuss way.  I’d first prefer to share the opportunity for others to enjoy what has been a rewarding learning experience process for me.  Handing it on to others has always been important to me.  I also enjoy seeing other dyers run with the idea and make it their own! Dyeing is such a fascinating craft. Everyone has their own way of dyeing yarn. I am constantly surprised and amazed at the talent that is out there.
​

As well as dyeing, you’ve also released a number of knitting patterns. How did you find this process? Will we see some more patterns from you in the future?
I never in a million years thought that I would add Knitwear Designer to my belt! I took a design course with Kelly Brooker of Pekapeka. We all designed beanies during the course. There certainly was a flood of beanies that year! It was fantastic to see each designer creating their piece, and hearing the backstory behind each one. 

I’ve since gone on to design a few shawls, and I was privileged to be approached by Rebecca from Augustbird to create a pattern for a club she ran.
​
I have many pattern ideas running around in my brain, it’s just a challenge to get them all out and onto paper! I’m definitely not the only one in that boat!
​

Are you a process or project/product knitter? Or a bit of both? Explain.
Both!  It really depends on my mood.  Sometimes I like the mental challenge of learning a new technique or stitch pattern.  It’s like solving a puzzle as I go along, frustrating as heck at the start! I might be reading a pattern by a designer I haven’t knit from before, or maybe the stitch pattern is completely new, or the construction! So many variables, but that sense of accomplishment and satisfaction you have when your item is completed and you have conquered the new stuff! Joy! 
​
I also enjoy knitting for the product. A beanie, gloves, socks and shawls are usually my go to items. These are fun to create, usually fast, and I can make them as simple or as elaborate as I like.
​

What are your favourite colours to dye? Are these colours the same as the ones you prefer to knit with and/or wear? Why is this do you think?
My everyday wardrobe is full of muted colours, so I try to dye outside of this zone.  Fashion magazines definitely come in handy and also seeing what the trends are with knitwear designers. #specklesaresohotrightnow is one that I’m sure we have all heard of!
​
I don’t have any particular favourite colour to dye, although creating the rainbow gradients are always fun!

What are you currently knitting?
I just completed my Summer Festival Cardigan and I would like to knit another. 
​
On my needles right now is a pattern in development, and “Gypsy Drop” by Pekapeka which I am knitting in 4ply. I don’t have many WIPs (Works In Progress) as my brain can't cope with lots of unfinished items taunting me.
​

What five words would you use to describe yourself. Can you tell our readers a little bit about Briony beyond the persona of a dyer?
Quirky, Introverted, Abstract, Courageous, Expressive 
​

What can we expect to see from Gradient in the next six to twelve months? What have you got in the pipeline?
There are a few long term projects on the go at the moment! Gradient will be at the Bendigo Wool and Sheep Show this year. Originally I wasn’t going to go as a stallholder, but an opportunity became available and I faced the fear and grabbed it!
​
There will also be a Yarn Club available later in the year, a first for me! The yarn is picked, I’ve dyed the prototype and the pattern design is happening! I am aiming for sign ups to be around August.

You can find Briony and Gradient in the following places. Make sure you pop over and say hi!
Website: www.gradientyarnaustralia.com
Instagram: gradientaus
Ravelry: Beee
​
Briony has generously donated two prize packs for Milo May. If you haven't started knitting a milo yet these are sure to be an incentive. 

​KAL Prize 2: Yarn - White Gum Wool DK "Spring Rainbow" colourway. 100% Tasmanian Merino, 100grams/236m approx.  10 Meow Stitchmarkers (Gold Tone).  1 hand block printed Project Bag


Not sure how to get involved in Milo May.

1. Pop on over to Rarely and join my Ravelry group here.  
2. During May, knit a Milo, Milo Bambino or two Dolly Milos - each becomes an entry for prizes. Knit a multitude of milos for more entries in the prize draw - most knitters do!
3. Chat away in the Knit-A-Long Chat Thread sharing your progress, yarn choice and anything else you'd like to. This is a great place to learn new tips and techniques!
4. Keep an eye out over the next week as I introduce all the sponsors and prizes up for grabs.
5. Post a picture of your finished milo in the FO Gallery here
   
6. Create a project page for your finished milo and link to the correct pattern.
7. Tag your project page with milomay16
   
8. If you’re sharing photos on social media, remember to use the hashtag #milomay16

Last month I spent a morning at the Art Gallery of Ballarat at a launch for a project that I've been working on for quite some time with a wonderful bunch of people. The project is WARM and it explores a topic close to my heart; climate change.

Created by SEAM Inc. (Sustainable Environment Arts Movement), the idea for WARM was inspired by a sheep farmer, Frank, who had just sold the farm that had been in his family for five generations. Like many farmers, Frank had personally witnessed the effects of climate change on the land. He spoke of drier soil, less predictable weather, changing seasons and a new global economy that works against our small primary producers. Frank had also noticed a societal change:

And you know what? That is so true. It's all too easy to flick the switch on the heater to warm the house up or even to keep our houses at the same temperature climatically controlled all year round! We do this without thinking, without actually considering the appropriateness to the temperature of what we're wearing, and definitely without considering the implications for our planet.

Many of those garments that traditionally have been made from wool are now made from acrylic and polyester (both made from fossil fuels), neither of which have the warming and temperature regulating properties of wool. Have a look through your wardrobe and consider what percentage is man-made fibres and what percentage is a natural renewable fibre.

WARM was created to celebrate the beauty and practicality of wool as a way to keep warm. Wool has incredibly unique properties, one of them being that it is both renewable but also biodegradable. It's also fire resistant, deters dust mites, regulates temperatures, is insulating, long lasting, water repellant, less likely to stain, resists sweat and doesn't need to be washed as frequently as other fibres.

​WARM also aims to make a strong and arresting statement about the redundancy of fossil fuels as an energy source.

'WARM is a large-scale collaborative textile project that's all about the community and their involvement.

The projects roots are embedded in two paintings created by Ballarat artist, Lars Sternberg.

The first image is a landscape scarred by coal mining - it is as desolate and desperate as you can imagine. The second image shows this same landscape many years after the coal mine has closed down. It is an image of hope as we see the regeneration of the land captured in the glorious colours of the Australian landscape.

My role in this project was to design a series of knitting patterns that would go towards recreating that second image in wool. Yep. It was as daunting, challenging and exciting as it sounds and it took me on a whole different route in my designing journey. Looking at a painting and reimagining it in small pieces much like a jigsaw or collage was a different approach and it resulted in the fifteen patterns that make up the project. My favourites are the wildflowers, which are all indigenous to my area, the gum leaves and of course, the wind turbine.

Now this is where the community of knitters come into the story. Knitters from all over Victoria, and even wider, are invited to knit up these patterns and contribute them to the installation - seriously we are going to need a whole lot of knitted pieces to recreate this massive image so get your needles into action and join us! We really do need as many people to join in as possible. You've got until August the 12th to knit but I suggest getting started early. 

Once you've knit your pieces send them in or drop them at the Art Gallery of Ballarat or the National Wool Museum in Geelong. As well as knitting these pieces from your home or as part of your knitting group, there will be a number of knitting workshops for both adults and children held all over Victoria where you can join in and learn more about the project and the patterns. 

So with Winter approaching in the Southern Hemisphere, knitters are well placed to help lead a change to our way of thinking when it comes to our over-reliance on fossil fuels and their role in warming us. Instead of cranking the heater, snuggle in a woollen jumper or blanket. Get active, ride your bike or walk somewhere instead of automatically taking the car. Consider renewable energy purchases and options. 

We can also make a difference through our purchasing habits. As I mentioned earlier, wool is renewable and biodegradable. Acrylic, while it is cheap, comes with an environmental cost - it's made from petroleum and coal products, both non-renewables. There are also issues regarding fibres that don't biodegrade. Small particles find their way into our waterways and oceans with consequences for our aquatic landscapes and animals, and possibly even those who consume seafood.

We would love as many knitters as possible to join in this project.

You can find more information on the SEAM website here:

You can find the patterns on Ravelry here:

​You can find details of the workshops and demonstrations here:

And of course, if you can, come along to the exhibition launch at the Art Gallery of Ballarat on September 3rd 2016 - or check out the exhibition in the weeks following the launch. 

​For devotees of seamless and circular knitting, it is inevitable that at some stage you're going to come across the term small circumference knitting. Small circumference knitting is all about how you knit those narrower pieces of circular knitting, like sleeves, socks or even mitts and gloves without having to worry about seaming at the end, because we all like to avoid seams as much as possible, right?

So what I thought I'd do in this post is look at the different options for small circumference knitting, what I like, what are the pros and cons of each technique, as well as post a couple of links to some good online tutes to help you out.

Teeny tiny circulars
If you follow me on Instagram, you'll know that I'm a big fan of teeny tiny circular needles. These are my go to for the majority of my small circumference knitting; sleeves, mitts and socks are all mostly churned out on these babies. I have three different sizes of these: 12"/30cm, 9"23cm and 8"/20cm in both nickel and bamboo. 

Generally, I use my 12"/30cm circs for adult and children's sleeves. For baby sizes you really need the teeny  9"/23cm or 8"/20cm circulars. These are also the lengths I also use for knitting socks and mitts. Honestly, socks really just fly off the needles using these little needles.

The smaller needles in particular are perhaps a little fiddly when you're getting used to them, but they sure are a time saver. There is no stopping and starting to slide needles or stitches  and no ladders; one of the more frustrating aspects of other small circumference knitting options. 

​My 12"/30cm needles come from Addi and ChiaoGoo, the 9"/23cm from ChiaoGoo and Hiya Hiya and the 8"/20cm from Addi (note these only go up to a US/3.75mm size) 

These really are no different from knitting on say a 16"/40cm circular, although I'd probably suggest holding the needles closer to the tip than you perhaps usually do. 

Two circular needles
This is quite an easy method. Don't feel daunted by the use of two needles, I find this an easier and less fiddly option than magic loop. I tend to use shorter circulars than most people for this, and find that two 16"/40cms circulars work well for me. The second needle basically replaces  the loop and the knitting is again divided in half with each half on a separate needle. You knit each half onto the same needle.

There is the usual pitfalls with the possibilities of ladders. Sometimes I have been known to knit onto the wrong needle and end up with the stitches all on the one needle. This can be avoided by using different colour needles or cable cord. If you look at the photo above, you'll see that I'm using a blue cable and a red cable to help differentiate between the two.

Video link:
http://www.knittinghelp.com/video/play/2-circular-needles?utm_source=related_videos&utm_medium=video&utm_campaign=magic-loop

Travelling or Single Loop
This is a lesser known option but it's a goodie. It's ideal for those situations where you want to work something seamlessly but don't have a small enough cord, for example if you're knitting a hat but only have a 32"/80cm circular. The advantage of Travelling Loop is that the loop moves with your knitting, so it eliminates that stop and start knitting that comes with some of the other techniques.  I really quite like this one and have used it in emergency situations when I haven't had my full kit of needles with me. 

The downside is that due to the angle of the needles while working this technique and the length of the needle tips you can't really use it for really small circumferences such as socks. 

Video link:
https://impeccableknits.wordpress.com/traveling-loop/
​
I'm hoping to teach some classes around the traps this year on small circumference knitting, showing knitters the different techniques and giving them the opportunity to try out the different needles (particularly the teeny circulars without the outlay). If you're interested, keep your eye out for details. 

If you'd like to try out a few of the different methods to see what suits you best, my pattern Chained is perfect for this. Give it a go!


So what's your favourite method?
Do you have any great tips for avoiding ladders?